Rekonstruksi Teodise Kehendak Bebas: Analisis Komparatif antara Augustinus dan Alvin Plantinga dalam Menjawab Problem Kejahatan Logis
Keywords:
Teodise Kehendak Bebas, Problem Kejahatan Logis, Augustinus, Alvin Plantinga, Pembelaan Kehendak BebasAbstract
Problem kejahatan logis menantang konsistensi antara Allah yang mahakuasa dan mahabaik dengan realitas kejahatan. Dalam tradisi Kristen klasik, Augustinus memandang kejahatan sebagai ketiadaan kebaikan yang lahir dari penyalahgunaan kehendak bebas makhluk rasional. Dalam filsafat agama analitik modern, Alvin Plantinga melalui Free Will Defense menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Allah dan kejahatan tetap mungkin konsisten secara logis dalam kerangka dunia-mungkin. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi struktur argumentatif kedua pendekatan serta menilai koherensinya terhadap problem kejahatan logis. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review dengan content analysis atas literatur akademik mutakhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kesinambungan ontologis pada konsep kebebasan sebagai dasar tanggung jawab moral, disertai pergeseran metodologis dari teodise metafisis menuju pembelaan logis-modal.
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